A new hope for treating triple-negative breast cancer
Breast cancer mortality rates have steadily declined over the past few decades, thanks to a combination of early detection and improved treatments. But for patients diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype in which tumor cells lack receptors for estrogen, progesterone, and Her2, no targeted treatments are available.
Widely distributed and numerous, birds of prey populate Penn’s campus
While crisscrossing campus this winter, careful observers may have noticed wildlife beyond the typical trash-picking squirrels and waddling pigeons. Sitting in a low tree branch or soaring between buildings, red-tailed hawks have become a common sight, surprising some unfamiliar with these adaptable birds.
Hajishengallis, an expert in the immune mechanisms behind the gum disease periodontitis, worked with an international team to show that the innate immune system--typically thought to lack immune memory--can in fact be trained to "remember" past threats.
By altering bone marrow, ‘training’ can prepare innate immune system for future challenges
George Hajishengallis of the School of Dental Medicine and an international team of colleagues have found that “training” the immune system causes changes in the precursors of immune cells in the bone marrow. These changes could facilitate a more robust response to future infections or even enable the immune system to regenerate faster after chemotherapy.
Penn-led Team Uncovers the Physiology Behind the Hour-long Mating Call of Midshipman Fish
According to the Guinness World Records, the longest any person has held a continuous vocal note is just shy of two minutes. That’s quite an achievement.Compared to the Pacific midshipman fish, however, the endurance of the human vocal cord is no match. Midshipman fish can generate a mating call that emits continuously from their bodies for a full hour.
‘Silent Code’ of Nucleotides, Not Amino Acids, Determines Discrete Functions of Proteins Vital For Life
Humans possess six forms of the protein actin, which perform essential functions in the body. Two in particular, β-actin and γ-actin, are nearly identical, only differing by four amino acids. Yet these near-twin proteins carry out distinct roles. A long standing question for biologists has been, how is this possible?
The surface of a riverbed is typically lined by relatively large rocks, which protect the layers of finer sand and gravel beneath from erosion. Geologists have long thought that fluid mechanics control this pattern; the idea being that the flow of the river washes away the finer particles from the bed’s surface, leaving the larger particles behind.
Commonalities in Late Stages of Different Inherited Blinding Diseases Suggest Targets for Therapy
Gene therapy holds promise for treating a variety of diseases, including some inherited blinding conditions. But for a gene therapy to be effective, one must know the precise gene responsible for a given individual’s disorder and develop a tailored treatment.
